111 references, last updated Thu Jul 6 10:14:49 2000

[AK96]
M. H. Azadmanesh and Roger M. Kieckhafer. New hybrid fault models for asynchronous approximate agreement. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 45(4):439-449, 1996.

[APS00]
Daniel Albeseder, Gerold Pawelka, and Ulrich Schmid. Evaluation of NTI-based GPS-time distribution over Ethernet. Technical Report 183/1-97, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, January 2000. (forthcoming).

[BA99]
Barry Boehm and Chris Abts. COTS integration: Plug and pray? IEEE Computer, 32(1):135-138, January 1999.

[BI96]
R. R. Brooks and S. S. Iyengar. Robust distributed computing and sensing algorithms. IEEE Computer, pages 53-60, June 1996.

[Cri89]
F. Cristian. Probabilistic clock synchronization. Distributed Computing, 3(3):146-158, 1989.

[Dan97]
Peter H. Dana. Global Positioning System (GPS) time dissemination for real-time applications. Real-Time Systems, 12(1):9-40, January 1997.

[DB93]
Rogério Drummond and Özalp Babaoglu. Low-cost clock synchronization. Distributed Computing, 6:193-203, 1993.

[DHS86]
Danny Dolev, Joseph Y. Halpern, and H. Raymond Strong. On the possibility and impossibility of achieving clock synchronization. Journal of Computer and System Sciences, 32:230-250, 1986.

[FC95a]
Christof Fetzer and Flaviu Cristian. Lower bounds for function based clock synchronization. In Proceedings 14th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, Ottawa, CA, August 1995.

[FC95b]
Christof Fetzer and Flaviu Cristian. An optimal internal clock synchronization algorithm. In Proceedings 10th Annual IEEE Conference on Computer Assurance, Gaithersburg, MD, June 1995.

[FC97a]
C. Fetzer and F. Cristian. Fail-awareness: An approach to construct fail-safe applications. In Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Symposium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, Seattle, Jun 1997. http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/cfetzer/FAPS/faps.html.

[FC97b]
Christof Fetzer and Flaviu Cristian. Integrating external and internal clock synchronization. J. Real-Time Systems, 12(2):123-172, March 1997.

[FC99]
Christof Fetzer and Flaviu Cristian. Building fault-tolerant hardware clocks. In Proceedings of the Seventh IFIP International Working Conference on Dependable Computing for Critical Applications, pages 59-78, San Jose, USA, Jan 1999. http://www.cs.ucsd.edu/~ cfetzer/HWC.

[FS97]
Michael Freund and Ulrich Schmid. In fehlertoleranten Computernetzwerken. In Michael Freund, editor, GeistesBlitze: Bedeutende Österreichische Wissenschaftler im Porträt, pages 57-59. Springer Verlag, 1997.

[GKK+95]
G. Jeffrey Geier, T. Michael King, Howard L. Kennedy, Russel D. Thomas, and Brett R. McNamara. Prediction of the time accuracy and integrity of GPS timing. In Proceedings of the 49th IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium, pages 266-274, San Francisco, 1995.

[Gri99]
Günther Gridling. Evaluation system for clock synchronization algorithms. Technical Report 183/1-89, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, February 1999. (to appear).

[HKS00]
Martin Horauer, Nikolaus Kerö, and Ulrich Schmid. A network interface for highly accurate clock synchronization. In Proceedings AUSTROCHIP'00, Graz, Austria, October 2000. (to appear).

[HL95]
Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy. Adder synthesis. In Proceedings AUSTROCHIP'95, Graz, Austria, 1995.

[HL97]
Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy. UTCLIENT -- an ASIC supporting clock synchronization in distributed real-time systems. In Proceedings AUSTROCHIP'97, pages 290-296, Linz, Austria, April 9, 1997.

[HL98]
Martin Horauer and Dietmar Loy. Hardware-unterstützte Uhrensynchronisation in Verteilten Systemen. In Proceedings AUSTROCHIP'98, pages 67-72, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, October 1998. (ISBN 3-901578-03-X, in German).

[HLS96]
Martin Horauer, Dietmar Loy, and Ulrich Schmid. NTI functional and architectural specification. Technical Report 183/1-69, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, December 1996.

[Höc96]
Dieter Höchtl. Verfügbarkeitsuntersuchung von GPS-Satellitenempfängern. Diplomarbeit, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, September 1996.

[Hor94]
Martin Horauer. Entwicklung einer Network Timestamp Unit für einen Versatile Timing Analyzer zum Monitoring von verteilten Echtzeitsystemen. Diplomarbeit, Vienna University of Technology, Dept. of Computer Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, September 1994. (in German).

[Hor96]
Martin Horauer. A primer to digital design with Synopsys and Cadence. Technical Report 183/1-68, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, October 1996.

[HS97]
Dieter Höchtl and Ulrich Schmid. Long-term evaluation of GPS timing receiver failures. In Proceedings of the 29th IEEE Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Application Meeting (PTTI'97), pages 165-180, Long Beach, California, December 1997.

[HSS97]
Martin Horauer, Ulrich Schmid, and Klaus Schossmaier. NTI: A Network Time Interface M-Module for high-accuracy clock synchronization. Technical Report 183/1-76, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, January 1997.

[HSS98]
Martin Horauer, Ulrich Schmid, and Klaus Schossmaier. NTI: A Network Time Interface M-Module for high-accuracy clock synchronization. In Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems (WPDRTS'98), pages 1067-1076, Orlando, Florida, March 30 -- April 3 1998.

[HW97]
Wolfgang A. Halang and Markus Wannemacher. High accuracy concurrent event processing in hard real-time systems. J. Real-Time Systems, 12(1):77-94, January 1997.

[HW99]
Gerald Hummel and Bettina Weiss. Random generators. Technical Report 183/1-92, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, February 1999.

[IJN94]
S.S. Iyengar, D.N. Jayashimha, and D. Nadig. A versatile architecture for the distributed sensor integration problem. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 43(2):175-185, February 1994.

[Int92]
Intel Corp. 32-bit LAN Component User's Manual, 1992.

[IS96a]
Inc. Integrated Systems. pSOS System, 1996.

[IS96b]
Inc. Integrated Systems. pSOS System Programmer's Reference, 1996.

[JIK91]
D.N. Jayashimha, S.S. Iyengar, and R.L. Kashyap. Information integration and synchronization in distributed sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 21(5):1032-1043, September/October 1991.

[KKMS95]
Hermann Kopetz, Andreas Krüger, Dietmar Millinger, and Anton Schedl. A synchronization strategy for a time-triggered multicluster real-time system. In Proceedings Reliable Distributed Systems (RDS'95), Bad Neuenahr, Germany, September 1995.

[KMSS98]
Christian Kral, Thomas Mandl, Ulrich Schmid, and Klaus Schossmaier. Tips für die Messe-Präsentation von Forschungsergebnissen. Technical Report 183/1-83, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, April 1998. (in German).

[Knu73]
Donald E. Knuth. Fundamental Algorithms, volume 1 of The Art of Computer Programming. Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 2nd edition, 1973.

[KO87]
Hermann Kopetz and Wilhelm Ochsenreiter. Clock synchronization in distributed real-time systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers, C-36(8):933-939, 1987.

[KSH00]
Nikolaus Kerö, Ulrich Schmid, and Martin Horauer. Verfahren für die Synchronisation von Computeruhren in Netzwerken. Technical Report 183/1-105, Department of Automation, TU Vienna, March 2000. Austrian Gebrauchsmuster GM 153/2000.

[Lam87]
Leslie Lamport. Synchronizing time servers. Technical Report 18, Digital System Research Center, 1987.

[Lis93]
Barbara Liskov. Practical uses of synchronized clocks in distributed systems. Distributed Computing, 6:211-219, 1993.

[LM94]
Mark C. Little and D.L. McCue. Construction and use of a simulation package in C++. C User's Journal, 12(3), 1994.

[Loy96]
Dietmar Loy. GPS-Linked High Accuracy NTP Time Processor for Distributed Fault-Tolerant Real-Time Systems. Dissertation, Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, April 1996.

[Loy97]
Dietmar Loy. Time-services hardware support in fault-tolerant real-time systems. In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on VLSI and CAD (ICVC'97), Seoul, Korea, October 13-15, 1997.

[LWL84]
Jennifer Lundelius-Welch and Nancy A. Lynch. An upper and lower bound for clock synchronization. Information and Control, 62:190-204, 1984.

[LWL88]
Jennifer Lundelius-Welch and Nancy A. Lynch. A new fault-tolerant algorithm for clock synchronization. Information and Computation, 77(1):1-36, 1988.

[Man99]
Thomas Mandl. Network Time Interface Benutzerhandbuch. Diplomarbeit, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, February 1999. (in German).

[Mar84]
Keith A. Marzullo. Maintaining the Time in a Distributed System: An Example of a Loosely-Coupled Distributed Service. PhD dissertation, Stanford University, Department of Electrical Engineering, February 1984.

[Mar90]
Keith A. Marzullo. Tolerating failures of continuous-valued sensors. ACM Transactions on Computer Systems, 8(4):284-304, 1990.

[Mil91]
David L. Mills. Internet time synchronization: The network time protocol. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 39(10):1482-1493, October 1991.

[Mil95]
David L. Mills. Improved algorithms for synchronizing computer network clocks. IEEE Transactions on Networks, pages 245-254, June 1995.

[MNS99]
Thomas Mandl, Herbert Nachtnebel, and Ulrich Schmid. Network Time Interface user manual. Technical Report 183/1-87, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, January 1999. (in German).

[MO83]
Keith A. Marzullo and Susan Owicki. Maintaining the time in a distributed system. ACM Operating System Review, 19(3):44-54, 1983.

[Mot94]
Motorola, Inc. Oncore User's Guide, June 1994. Revision 6.1, For Use with ONCORE Receiver Board Firmware Release 4.X, 5.X and 6.X.

[Mot98]
Motorola, Inc. Oncore technical application note - 1999 and 2000 rollovers, February 1998. Revision 2.4, PDF-document can be downloaded from http://www.mot.com/ACCES/GPS/products/index.html.

[MS85]
Stephen R. Mahaney and Fred B. Schneider. Inexact agreement: Accuracy, precision, and graceful degradation. In Proceedings 4th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 237-249, Minaki, Canada, August 1985.

[MUM96]
MUMM. ANSI/VITA 12-1996, M-Module Specification. Manufacturers and Users of M-Modules e.V., 1996.

[NKC+98]
Herbert Nachtnebel, Nikolaus Kerö, Gerhard R. Cadek, Thomas Mandl, and Ulrich Schmid. Rapid Prototyping mit programmierbarer Logik: Ein Fallbeispiel. In Proceedings AUSTROCHIP'98, pages 99-104, Wiener Neustadt, Austria, October 1998. (ISBN 3-901578-03-X, in German).

[Och87]
Wilhelm Ochsenreiter. Fehlertolerante Uhrensynchronisation in verteilten Realzeitsystemen. Dissertation, Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences, 1987. (in German).

[OSF92]
OSF. Introduction to OSF DCE. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1992.

[PB91]
M. J. Pfluegl and D. M. Blough. Evaluation of a new algorithm for fault-tolerant clock synchronization. In Proceedings Pacific Rim Internation Symposium on Fault Tolerant Systems, pages 38-43, Kawasaki, Japan, September 1991.

[Pus95]
Alfred Pusterhofer. NTSU Network Timestamp Unit: Ein Modul für Eventtimestamping und Uhrensynchronisation via LAN. Diplomarbeit, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, May 1995. (in German).

[Ric97]
Gerda Richter. Device driver for real-time communications coprocessor. Diplomarbeit, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, June 1997.

[RKS90]
Parameswaran Ramanathan, Dilip D. Kandlur, and Kang G. Shin. Hardware-assisted software clock synchronization for homogeneous distributed systems. IEEE Transactions on Computers, 39(4):514-524, April 1990.

[RSB90]
Parameswaran Ramanathan, Kang G. Shin, and Ricky W. Butler. Fault-tolerant clock synchronization in distributed systems. IEEE Computer, 23(10):33-42, October 1990.

[RSS99]
Gerda Richter, Michael Schmidt, and Ulrich Schmid. i82596 NTI Device-Driver software documentation. Technical Report 183/1-90, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, February 1999.

[SC90]
F. Schmuck and F. Christian. Continuous amortization need not affect the precision of a clock synchronization algorithm. In Proceedings of the 9th Annual ACM Symposium on Principles on Distributed Computing (PODC), pages 133-144, Quebec City, Canada, August 1990.

[Sch86]
Fred B. Schneider. A paradigm for reliable clock synchronization. In Proceedings Advanced Seminar of Local Area Networks, pages 85-104, Bandol, France, April 1986.

[Sch87]
Fred B. Schneider. Understanding protocols for byzantine clock synchronization. Technical Report 87-859, Cornell University, Department of Computer Science, August 1987.

[Sch94a]
Ulrich Schmid. An annotated bibliography on clock synchronization in distributed systems. Technical Report 183/1-45, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, December 1994. (incomplete).

[Sch94b]
Ulrich Schmid. Synchronized UTC for distributed real-time systems. In Proceedings 19th IFAC/IFIP Workshop on Real-Time Programming (WRTP'94), pages 101-107, Lake Reichenau, Germany, 1994.

[Sch95]
Ulrich Schmid. Synchronized Universal Time Coordinated for distributed real-time systems. Control Engineering Practice, 3(6):877-884, 1995. (Reprint from Proceedings 19th IFAC/IFIP Workshop on Real-Time Programming (WRTP'94), Lake Reichenau/Germany, 1994, p. 101-107.).

[Sch96a]
Ulrich Schmid. Interval-based clock synchronization. In Seminar-Report 138 of Dagstuhl-Seminar 9611 on ``Time Services'', page 7, Schloß Dagstuhl, Germany, March 1996. (Reprinted in J. Real-Time Systems 12(2), 1997, p. 173).

[Sch96b]
Klaus Schossmaier. Understanding interval-based clock rate synchronization algorithms. Technical Report 183/1-70, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, December 1996.

[Sch96c]
Klaus Schossmaier. UTCSU --- an ASIC to support clock synchronization for distributed real-time systems. In Seminar-Report 138 of Dagstuhl-Seminar 9611 on ``Time Services'', page 8, Schloß Dagstuhl, Germany, March 1996. (Reprinted in J. Real-Time Systems 12(3), 1997, p. 334).

[Sch97a]
Ulrich Schmid. Challenges in interval-based clock synchronization. In Seminar-Report 185 of Dagstuhl-Seminar 9728 on ``Average Case Analysis of Algorithms'', pages 19-20, Schloß Dagstuhl, Germany, July 7-11, 1997.

[Sch97b]
Ulrich Schmid. Hochgenaue Uhrensynchronisation über LANs. Elektronikschau, 10:20-23, October 1997. (in german).

[Sch97c]
Ulrich Schmid. Interval-based clock synchronization with optimal precision. Technical Report 183/1-78, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, July 1997. (submitted to Information and Computation).

[Sch97d]
Ulrich Schmid. Kabel-Fehlerortung mit SynUTC. Technical Report 183/1-81, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, July 1997. (Patent: German Gebrauchsmuster 296 23086.3).

[Sch97e]
Ulrich Schmid. Orthogonal accuracy clock synchronization. Technical Report 183/1-77, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, March 1997. (submitted to Chicago Journal of Theoretical Computer Science).

[Sch97f]
Ulrich Schmid, editor. Special Issue on The Challenge of Global Time in Large-Scale Distributed Real-Time Systems, J. Real-Time Systems 12(1-3), 1997.

[Sch97g]
Klaus Schossmaier. An interval-based framework for clock rate synchronization algorithms. In Proceedings 16th ACM Symposium on Principles of Distributed Computing, pages 169-178, St. Barbara, USA, August 21-24, 1997.

[Sch98]
Klaus Schossmaier. Interval-based Clock State and Rate Synchronization. Dissertation, Vienna University of Technology, Faculty of Technical and Natural Sciences, 1998.

[SHK99]
Ulrich Schmid, Martin Horauer, and Nikolaus Kerö. How to distribute GPS-time over COTS-based LANs. In Proceedings of the 31th IEEE Precise Time and Time Interval Systems and Application Meeting (PTTI'99), Dana Point, California, December 1999. (to appear).

[SK99]
Klaus Schossmaier and Johann Klasek. Implementing the optimal precision algorithm for clock state & rate synchronization. Technical Report 183/1-91, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, February 1999.

[SKM+00]
Ulrich Schmid, Johann Klasek, Thomas Mandl, Herbert Nachtnebel, Gerhard R. Cadek, and Nikolaus Kerö. A Network Time Interface M-Module for distributing GPS-time over LANs. J. Real-Time Systems, 18(1):24-57, January 2000.

[SL93]
Ulrich Schmid and Dietmar Loy. FWF-Projektantrag SynUTC --- Synchronized UTC for distributed real-time systems. Technical Report 183/1-39, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, December 1993.

[SL96]
Klaus Schossmaier and Dietmar Loy. An ASIC supporting external clock synchronization for distributed real-time systems. In Proceedings of the 8th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pages 277-282, L'Aquila, Italy, June 1996.

[SLWL90]
Barbara Simons, Jennifer Lundelius-Welch, and Nancy Lynch. An overview of clock synchronization. In Barbara Simons and A. Spector, editors, Fault-Tolerant Distributed Computing, pages 84-96. Springer Verlag, 1990. (Lecture Notes on Computer Science 448).

[SM99]
Ulrich Schmid and Thomas Mandl. Implementation of the NTI Device-Handler. Technical Report 183/1-86, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, January 1999.

[SN99]
Ulrich Schmid and Herbert Nachtnebel. Experimental evaluation of high-accuracy time distribution in a COTS-based Ethernet LAN. In Proceedings 24th IFAC/IFIP Workshop on Real-Time Programming (WRTP'99), pages 59-68, Schloß Dagstuhl, Germany, May/June 1999.

[SP95]
Ulrich Schmid and Alfred Pusterhofer. SSCMP: The sequenced synchronized clock message protocol. Computer Networks and ISDN Systems, 27:1615-1632, 1995.

[SS95]
Klaus Schossmaier and Ulrich Schmid. UTCSU functional specification. Technical Report 183/1-56, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, July 1995.

[SS97a]
Ulrich Schmid and Klaus Schossmaier. Interval-based clock synchronization. J. Real-Time Systems, 12(2):173-228, March 1997.

[SS97b]
Ulrich Schmid and Klaus Schossmaier. Interval-based clock synchronization revisited. Technical Report 183/1-80, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, July 1997.

[SS99]
Ulrich Schmid and Klaus Schossmaier. How to reconcile fault-tolerant interval intersection with the Lipschitz condition. Technical Report 183/1-96, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, September 1999. (submitted to Distributed Computing).

[SSHL97]
Klaus Schossmaier, Ulrich Schmid, Martin Horauer, and Dietmar Loy. Specification and implementation of the Universal Time Coordinated Synchronization Unit (UTCSU). J. Real-Time Systems, 12(3):295-327, May 1997.

[ST87]
T. K. Srikanth and Sam Toueg. Optimal clock synchronization. Journal of the ACM, 34(3):626-645, July 1987.

[SW99]
Klaus Schossmaier and Bettina Weiss. An algorithm for fault-tolerant clock state & rate synchronization. In Proceedings 18th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems (SRDS'99), pages 36-47, Lausanne, Switzerland, October 19-22, 1999.

[SWGS99]
Ulrich Schmid, Bettina Weiss, Günther Gridling, and Klaus Schossmaier. A unified approach for simulation and experimental evaluation of fault-tolerant distributed systems. In Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Applied Modelling and Simulation (AMS'99), pages 43-48, Cairns, Queensland, Australia, September 1-3, 1999.

[TP88]
P. M. Thambidurai and Y. K. Park. Interactive consistency with multiple failure modes. In Proceedings 7th Reliable Distributed Systems Symposium, October 1988.

[Tro94]
G. D. Troxel. Time Surveying: Clock Synchronization over Packet Networks. PhD thesis, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institut of Technology, May 1994.

[US99]
Martina Umlauft and Ulrich Schmid. GPS Device-Driver software documentation. Technical Report 183/1-97, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, October 1999.

[VR92]
Paulo Veríssimo and Luís Rodrigues. A posteriori agreement for fault-tolerant clock synchronization on broadcast networks. In Proceedings 22nd International Symosium on Fault-Tolerant Computing, Boston, Massachusetts, July 1992.

[VRC97]
Paulo Veríssimo, Luís Rodrigues, and Antonio Casimiro. CesiumSpray: a precise and accurate global clock service for large-scale systems. J. Real-Time Systems, 12(3):243-294, 1997.

[Wei97]
Bettina Weiss. Simulation environment for clock synchronization. Diplomarbeit, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, June 1997.

[Wei99]
Bettina Weiss. Simulation environment for clock synchronization. Technical Report 183/1-88, Vienna University of Technology, Department of Automation, February 1999.

[WGSS99]
Bettina Weiss, Günther Gridling, Ulrich Schmid, and Klaus Schossmaier. The SimUTC fault-tolerant distributed systems simulation toolkit. In Proceedings 7th International Symposium on Modeling, Analysis and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems (MASCOTS'99), pages 68-75, College Park, MD, USA, October 24-28, 1999.

[WLS97]
Chris J. Walter, Patrick Lincoln, and Neeraj Suri. Formally verified on-line diagnosis. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 23(11):684-721, November 1997.

[WSH94]
Chris J. Walter, Neeraj Suri, and M. M. Hugue. Continual on-line diagnosis of hybrid faults. In Proceedings DCCA-4, January 1994.

[YM93]
Z. Yang and T. A. Marsland. Annotated bibliography on global states and times in distributed systems. ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review, pages 55-72, June 1993.